The Journey to Self-Actualization
In 1943, psychologist Abraham Maslow’s paper “A Theory of Human Motivation” was published in the journal Psychological Review. Maslow believed that unsatisfied needs drive our behavior, and that basic needs such as physiological, safety, belongingness, and esteem must be met first.
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is often illustrated in the shape of a pyramid, with those basic needs at the bottom. Once those basic needs have been met, Maslow believed, then we can move on to the tip of the pyramid – the need for self-actualization. This can be defined as “the full realization of one’s potential.”
Maslow based his theory partially on his own thoughts and ideas about human potential, and partially on case studies of well-known figures whom he believed to be self-actualized. His list of self-actualized people included Albert Einstein, Abraham Lincoln, Eleanor Roosevelt, and Henry David Thoreau.
Although Maslow cited these amazing historical figures, you don’t have to be famous to pursue self-actualization. Maslow believed there are similarities among self-actualized people, though, and that each of them has found a “core-nature that is unique to them.”
According to Maslow, additional characteristics also include:
Acceptance of self, others, and nature. Self-actualization is not perfection, and self-actualized people are accepting of their own human nature with all its flaws. They also accept others for who they are.
Resourceful and independent. Self-actualized people are autonomous. They accept responsibility for their lives, and don’t rely on external authorities or other people.
Spontaneous and natural. “True to oneself” is a term that describes those who are self-actualized. They are comfortable with who they are, rather than feeling pressured to be how others (or society) want them to be.
Task centered. Those who are self-actualized have a mission in life, or a calling to pursue. This “task” is focused outwardly on others, rather than focused on themselves.
Continued appreciation for life’s blessings. Whereas many people take life for granted, those who are self-actualized have constantly renewed appreciation for even the basics of life. A beautiful sunset, a fragrant flower, and the wonder of all living things, both great and small.
Profound interpersonal relationships. Just as they appreciate the basics of life, the self-actualized are also strongly connected to people. Because they value people, they develop strong bonds with others.
Comfort with solitude. We live in a busy world, and our minds and bodies are operating 24/7. We are always accessible, and social media and television fill our minds with information. Although being in community with others and with the world is important, self-actualizing people value solitude and are also comfortable being alone.
Socially compassionate. Self-actualized people are genuinely concerned for others. They value people, want to add value to them, and want to make a difference in the world.
If you’re reading this, then you are likely on the journey to self-actualization. How are you doing? Go over each characteristic again, and assess the extent to which it describes you. If you have room to grow – and we all do – write down what has to happen in that area for you to maximize your full potential, and become your best self. Recognizing and identifying opportunities for growth is part of the process.
Also, keep in mind that self-actualization looks different for everyone. For you, it might involve a hobby, a vocation (either your current one or a new opportunity), or focusing on helping others. As you allow yourself to explore what it is that you really want, and why, you will feel more fulfilled – moving you ever closer to self-actualization.
